unicorn.git  about / heads / tags
Rack HTTP server for Unix and fast clients
$ git log --pretty=format:'%h %s (%cs)%d' v0.9.1 --
ab4fc79 unicorn 0.9.1 (merge 0.8.2) (2009-07-09)
	(tag: v0.9.1)
f3d7ea3 unicorn 0.8.2 (2009-07-09)
	(tag: v0.8.2)
74bbd50 always set FD_CLOEXEC on sockets post-accept() (2009-07-09)
c8baa43 Minor cleanups to core (cherry picked from commit ec70433f84664af0dff1336845ddd51f50a714a3) (2009-07-08)
f63f79f Re-add support for non-portable socket options (2009-07-08)
98e77ad Retry listen() on EADDRINUSE 5 times ever 500ms (2009-07-08)
2fbbd59 Unbind listeners as before stopping workers (2009-07-08)
ec70433 Minor cleanups to core (2009-07-04)
ff0fc02 Favor Struct members to instance variables (2009-07-04)
672befa Avoid temporary array creation (2009-07-03)
...

$ git cat-file blob v0.9.1:README
= Unicorn: Rack HTTP server for Unix, fast clients and nothing else

== Features

* Designed for Rack, Unix, fast clients, and ease-of-debugging.  We
  cut out all things that are better-supported by nginx or Rack.

* Mostly written in Ruby, only the HTTP parser (stolen and trimmed
  down from Mongrel) is written in C.  Unicorn is compatible with
  both Ruby 1.8 and 1.9.  A pure-Ruby (but still Unix-only) version
  is planned.

* Process management: Unicorn will reap and restart workers that
  die from broken apps.  There is no need to manage multiple processes
  or ports yourself.  Unicorn can spawn and manage any fixed number of
  worker processes you choose to scale to your backend.

* Load balancing is done entirely by the operating system kernel.
  Requests never pile up behind a busy worker process.

* Does not care if your application is thread-safe or not, workers
  all run within their own isolated address space and only serve one
  client at a time.

* Supports all Rack applications, along with pre-Rack versions of
  Ruby on Rails via a Rack wrapper.

* Builtin reopening of all log files in your application via
  USR1 signal.  This allows logrotate to rotate files atomically and
  quickly via rename instead of the racy and slow copytruncate method.
  Unicorn also takes steps to ensure multi-line log entries from one
  request all stay within the same file.

* nginx-style binary re-execution without losing connections.
  You can upgrade Unicorn, your entire application, libraries
  and even your Ruby interpreter as long as Unicorn is
  installed in the same path.

* before_fork and after_fork hooks in case your application
  has special needs when dealing with forked processes.  These
  should not be needed when the "preload_app" directive is
  false (the default).

* Can be used with copy-on-write-friendly memory management
  to save memory (by setting "preload_app" to true).

* Able to listen on multiple interfaces including UNIX sockets,
  each worker process can also bind to a private port via the
  after_fork hook for easy debugging.

== License

Unicorn is copyright 2009 Eric Wong and contributors.
It is based on Mongrel and carries the same license:

Mongrel is copyright 2007 Zed A. Shaw and contributors. It is licensed
under the Ruby license and the GPL2. See the included LICENSE file for
details.

Unicorn is 100% Free Software.

== Install

The library consists of a C extension so you'll need a C compiler or at
least a friend who can build it for you.

You may download the tarball from the Mongrel project page on Rubyforge
and run setup.rb after unpacking it:

http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=1306

You may also install it via Rubygems on Rubyforge:

  gem install unicorn

You can get the latest source via git from the following locations
(these versions may not be stable):

  git://git.bogomips.org/unicorn.git
  http://git.bogomips.org/unicorn.git
  git://repo.or.cz/unicorn.git (mirror)
  http://repo.or.cz/r/unicorn.git (mirror)

You may browse the code from the web and download the latest snapshot
tarballs here:

* http://git.bogomips.org/cgit/unicorn.git (cgit)
* http://repo.or.cz/w/unicorn.git (gitweb)

== Usage

=== non-Rails Rack applications

In APP_ROOT, run:

  unicorn

=== for Rails applications (should work for all 1.2 or later versions)

In RAILS_ROOT, run:

  unicorn_rails

Unicorn will bind to all interfaces on TCP port 8080 by default.
You may use the +--listen/-l+ switch to bind to a different
address:port or a UNIX socket.

=== Configuration File(s)

Unicorn will look for the config.ru file used by rackup in APP_ROOT.

For deployments, it can use a config file for Unicorn-specific options
specified by the +--config-file/-c+ command-line switch.  See
Unicorn::Configurator for the syntax of the Unicorn-specific options.
The default settings are designed for maximum out-of-the-box
compatibility with existing applications.

Most command-line options for other Rack applications (above) are also
supported.  Run `unicorn -h` or `unicorn_rails -h` to see command-line
options.

== Disclaimer

Like the creatures themselves, production deployments of Unicorn are
rare or even non-existent.  There is NO WARRANTY whatsoever if anything
goes wrong, but let us know and we'll try our best to fix it.

Unicorn is designed to only serve fast clients either on the local host
or a fast LAN.  See the PHILOSOPHY and DESIGN documents for more details
regarding this.

== Known Issues

* WONTFIX: code reloading and restarts with Sinatra 0.3.x (and likely older
  versions) apps is broken.  The workaround is to force production
  mode to disable code reloading as well as disabling "run" in your
  Sinatra application:
    set :env, :production
    set :run, false
  Since this is no longer an issue with Sinatra 0.9.x apps, this will not be
  fixed on our end.  Since Unicorn is itself the application launcher, the
  at_exit handler used in old Sinatra always caused Mongrel to be launched
  whenever a Unicorn worker was about to exit.

  Also remember we're capable of replacing the running binary without dropping
  any connections regardless of framework :)

== Contact

All feedback (bug reports, user/development dicussion, patches, pull
requests) go to the mailing list.  Patches must be sent inline
(git format-patch -M + git send-email).  No subscription is necessary
to post on the mailing list.  No top posting.  Address replies +To:+ (or
+Cc:+) the original sender and +Cc:+ the mailing list.

* email: mongrel-unicorn@rubyforge.org
* archives: http://rubyforge.org/pipermail/mongrel-unicorn/
* subscribe: http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-unicorn/

# heads (aka `branches'):
$ git for-each-ref --sort=-creatordate refs/heads \
	--format='%(HEAD) %(refname:short) %(subject) (%(creatordate:short))'
* master       update dependency to Ruby 2.5+ (2024-01-15)
  pico         ext: switch filter_body to picohttpparser (2021-10-25)
  v6-wip       Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into v6-wip (2021-03-15)
  gperf        http: gperf 3.0.3 compatibility (2019-07-05)
  no-kgio-wip  remove kgio from all read(2) and write(2) wrappers (2019-05-26)
  5.4-stable   unicorn 5.4.1 (2018-07-23)
  5.3-stable   unicorn 5.3.1 (2017-10-03)
  ccc-tcp-v3   test_ccc: use a pipe to synchronize test (2017-03-22)
  worker_exec  Don't pass a block for fork when forking workers (2017-03-13)
  doc-5.3.0    doc: add version annotations for new features (2017-03-08)
...

# tags:
$ git for-each-ref --sort=-creatordate refs/tags \
	--format='%(refname:short) %(subject) (%(creatordate:short))'
v6.1.0       unicorn 6.1.0 (2021-12-25) tar.gz
v6.0.0       unicorn 6.0.0 - no more recycling Rack env (2021-03-17) tar.gz
v5.8.0       unicorn 5.8.0 - rack.after_reply support (2020-12-24) tar.gz
v5.7.0       unicorn 5.7.0 (2020-09-08) tar.gz
v5.6.0       unicorn 5.6.0 - early_hints support (2020-07-26) tar.gz
v5.5.5       unicorn 5.5.5 (2020-04-27) tar.gz
v5.5.4       unicorn 5.5.4 (2020-03-24) tar.gz
v5.5.3       unicorn 5.5.3 (2020-01-31) tar.gz
v5.5.2       unicorn 5.5.2 (2019-12-20) tar.gz
v5.5.1       unicorn 5.5.1 (2019-05-06) tar.gz
...

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# (number on the left is used for dev purposes)
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git clone https://yhbt.net/unicorn.git